Türkiye'de Ekolojik Ayak İzi, Yeşil Teknoloji ve Finansal Kalkınma Arasındaki Etkileşimin Analizi: Fourier Ardl Yaklaşımından Kanıtlar

Yazarlar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63556/tisej.2025.1483

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ekolojik ayakizi- Yeşil Teknoloji- Finansal Kalkınma- Türkiye- Fourier ARDL

Özet

1990'lardan itibaren iktisat literatüründe yeşil teknoloji, finansal gelişim ve ekolojik ayak izi gibi kavramların önemi artmış; bu durum çevresel sürdürülebilirliği sağlama çabalarının gerekliliğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de 1992- 2021 döneminde ekolojik ayak izi (EFP), yeşil teknolojiler (GRE) ve finansal gelişme (FIN) arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmak amacıyla Fourier ARDL yaklaşımını kullanmaktadır. Değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi geleneksel ve Fourier nedensellik testleri ile incelenmiştir. Ayrıca bağımsız değişkenlerin uzun dönemli etkilerini görebilmek adına FMOLS, DOLS ve CCR katsayı analizleri de uygulanmıştır. Uzun dönemli ilişkinin varlığını ortaya koyan sonuçların yanında finansal gelişmeden ekolojik ayak izine, ekolojik ayak izinden ise yeşil teknolojilere doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisine ulaşılmıştır. Katsayı test sonuçları, yeşil teknolojilerin ekolojik ayak izini azaltma yönünde olumlu bir etki yarattığını göstermekteyken; finansal gelişimin ise ekolojik ayak izini artırdığı yönündedir. Çalışmanın bulguları ışığında Türkiye'nin sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyüme hedeflerine ulaşabilmesi için yeşil teknolojilere yapılan yatırımların artırılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmaktadır. Ekolojik ayak izinin azaltılması adına atılacak adımların yalnızca teknolojik yeniliklerle sınırlı kalmaması; aynı zamanda finansal sistemin de çevre dostu yatırımları teşvik edecek şekilde yapılandırılması önem arz etmektedir.

Kaynaklar

Adebayo, T. S. (2022). Environmental consequences of fossil fuel in Spain amidst renewable energy consumption: New insights from the wavelet-based Granger causality approach. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 29, 579–592. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2022.2054877

Afshan, S., & Yaqoob, T. (2022). The potency of eco-innovation, natural resource and financial development on ecological footprint: a quantile-ARDL-based evidence from China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(33). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19471-w

Ahmad, M., Jiang, P., Majeed, A., Umar, M., Khan, Z., & Muhammad, S. (2020). The dynamic impact of natural resources, technological innovations, and economic growth on ecological footprint: An advanced panel data estimation. Resources Policy, 69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101817

Ahmed, Z., Wang, Z. & Ali, S. Investigating the non-linear relationship between urbanization and CO2 emissions: An empirical analysis. Air Qual Atmos Health 12, 945–953 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-019-00711-x

Akgün, E., & Özmerdivanlı, A. (2024). Finansal Gelişme, Teknolojik Yenilik ve Ekolojik Ayak İzi Arasındaki İlişki: E7 Ülkeleri Örneği. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 9(1), 150-165.

Anton, S. G., & Nucu, A. E. A. (2020). The effect of financial development on renewable energy consumption: A panel data approach. Renewable Energy, 147, 330-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.005

Aslam, B., Zhang, G., Amjad, M. A., Guo, S., & Ji, M. (2023). Does the impact of financial development reinforce sustainability ecological footprint? Fresh evidence from middle and high-income economies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 429, 139573. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2023.139573

Aytun, C., Erdogan, S., Pata, U. K., & Cengiz, O. (2024). Associating environmental quality, human capital, financial development and technological innovation in 19 middle-income countries: A disaggregated ecological footprint approach. Technology in Society, 76, 102445. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHSOC.2023.102445

Baloch, M. A., Zhang, J., Iqbal, K., & Iqbal, Z. (2019). The effect of financial development on ecological footprint in BRI countries: evidence from panel data estimation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3992-9

Balsalobre-Lorente, D., Topaloglu, E. E., Nur, T., & Evcimen, C. (2023). Exploring the linkage between financial development and ecological footprint in APEC countries: A novel view under corruption perception and environmental policy stringency. Journal of Cleaner Production, 414, 137686. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2023.137686

Bayat, T., & Taş, Ş. (2021). Türkiye’de Para İkamesine Karşı Politika Faizi Etkin Olarak Kullanılıyor Mu? Fourier Alandan Kanıtlar. Sosyoekonomi, 29(50), 503-520. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.04.23

Becker, R., Enders, W., ve Lee, J. (2006). “A Stationarity Test in The Presence of an Unknown Number of Smooth Breaks. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 27(3), 381-409. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9892.2006.00478.x

Bergougui, B. (2024a). Investigating the relationships among green technologies, financial development, and ecological footprint levels in Algeria: Evidence from a novel Fourier ARDL approach. Sustainable Cities and Society, 112, 105621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105621

Bergougui, B. (2024b). Moving toward environmental mitigation in Algeria: Asymmetric impact of fossil fuel energy, renewable energy and technological innovation on CO2 emissions. Energy Strategy Reviews, 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2023.101281

Bergougui, B., & Aldawsari, M. I. (2024). Asymmetric impact of patents on green technologies on Algeria’s Ecological Future. Journal of Environmental Management, 355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120426

Berke, B., “Döviz Kuru ve İMKB100 Endeksi İlişkisi: Yeni Bir Test”, Maliye Dergisi, 2012/163 (1), ss. 243-257.

Brown, L. R., & Başçı, A. (2008). Plan B 3.0: Uygarlığı kurtarmak için harekete geçmek. Tema Yayınları.

Chang, T. H., Ma, K. M., & Chang, S. L. (2024). Towards green growth: Industry structure and energy transition in OECD countries. Energy & Environment, 35(2), 833-847. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X2211359

Chen, Y., Cheng, L., & Lee, C. C. (2022). How does the use of industrial robots affect the ecological footprint? International evidence. Ecological Economics, 198, 107483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107483

Chu, L.K. Determinants of ecological footprint in OCED countries: do environmental-related technologies reduce environmental degradation?. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 23779–23793 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17261-4

Costantini, V., Crespi, F., Marin, G., & Paglialunga, E. (2017). Eco-innovation, sustainable supply chains, and environmental performance in European industries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 155, 141-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.038

Çamkaya, S. (2024). Türkiye’de Çevresel Teknolojilerin Çevresel Kirlilik Üzerindeki Etkisi: Fourier Yaklaşımlarından Ampirik Kanıtlar, Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, 59(4), 2024-2043.

Çelik, S., & Ünlü, A. (2024). Ticari açıklık ve çevre kirliliği ilişkisine yönelik ampirik kanıtlar: Mint ülkeleri örneği. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(89), 144-158. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1297440

Fan, L., Usman, M., Haseeb, M., & Kamal, M. (2024). The impact of financial development and energy consumption on ecological footprint in an economic complexity‐based EKC framework: New evidence from the BRICS‐T region. In Natural Resources Forum. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Footprint Network. (2024). Countries with biocapacity reserve percentage that biocapacity exceeds ecological footprint. Retrieved October 29, 2024, from (Access Date: 15.07.2024, https://data.footprintnetwork.org/?_ga=2.206323348.623391055.1688979918-2113923993.1688556959)

Gill, A. R., Riaz, R., & Ali, M. (2023). The asymmetric impact of financial development on ecological footprint in Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(11). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24384-9

Gokmenoglu, K. K., Taspinar, N., & Rahman, M. M. (2021). Military expenditure, financial development and environmental degradation in Türkiye: A comparison of CO2 emissions and ecological footprint. International Journal of Finance and Economics, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1831

Guliyev, H. (2024). Determinants of ecological footprint in European countries: Fresh insight from Bayesian model averaging for panel data analysis. Science of The Total Environment, 912, 169455. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2023.169455

Hobsbawm, E. J. (2008). Sanayi ve İmparatorluk. (A. Ersoy, Trans.). Dost Kitabevi.

Javed, A., Rapposelli, A., Khan, F., & Javed, A. (2023). The impact of green technology innovation, environmental taxes, and renewable energy consumption on ecological footprint in Italy: Fresh evidence from novel dynamic ARDL simulations. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 191, 122534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122534

Kamacı, A. (2024). Küreselleşme, hidroelektrik enerji, ekonomik büyüme, CO2 emisyonları ve ekolojik ayak izi ilişkisinin ABD için analizi: Kesirli Fourier ADL eşbütünleşme yöntemi. Sosyoekonomi, 32(59), 249-267. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.01.11

Khan, H., Weili, L., Khan, I., & Han, L. (2022). The effect of income inequality and energy consumption on environmental degradation: the role of institutions and financial development in 180 countries of the world. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(14). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17278-9

Kihombo, S., Ahmed, Z., Chen, S. et al. Linking financial development, economic growth, and ecological footprint: what is the role of technological innovation?. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 61235–61245 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14993-1

Kirikkaleli, D., Sofuoğlu, E., & Ojekemi, O. (2023). Does patents on environmental technologies matter for the ecological footprint in the USA? Evidence from the novel Fourier ARDL approach. Geoscience Frontiers, 14(4), 101564. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GSF.2023.101564

Kocaoğlu, M., & Özmen, Z. N. (2021). Yerel yönetimlerde çevre sorunlarının çevre hakkı kapsamında incelenmesi: Uluslararası ve ulusal mevzuat ekseninde karşılaştırmalı bir analiz. Giresun Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 7(2), 233-248. https://doi.org/10.46849/guiibd.908018

Koseoglu, A., Yucel, A. G., & Ulucak, R. (2022). Green innovation and ecological footprint relationship for sustainable development: Evidence from the top 20 green innovator countries. Sustainable Development, 30(5), 976-988. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2294

Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P.C.B., Schmidt, P., Shin, Y., (1992), Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root: How sure are we that economic time series have a unit root?, Journal of Econometrics, (54), ss.159–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(92)90104-Y

Majeed, M. T., & Mazhar, M. (2019). Financial development and ecological footprint: A global panel data analysis. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 13(2), 487–514. https://jespk.net/paper.php?paperid=4347

MIT Technology Review. (2024, October 29). The Green Future Index 2023. (Access Date: 17.07.2024, https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/04/05/1070581/the-green-future-index-2023/)

Nathaniel, S. P., Ahmed, Z., Shamansurova, Z., & Fakher, H. A. (2024). Linking clean energy consumption, globalization, and financial development to the ecological footprint in a developing country: Insights from novel dynamic ARDL simulation techniques. Heliyon, 10(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27095

Ngoc, B. H., & Awan, A. (2022). Does financial development reinforce ecological footprint in Singapore? Evidence from ARDL and Bayesian analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(16). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17565-5

Nketiah, E., Song, H., Adjei, M., Obuobi, B., & Adu-Gyamfi, G. (2024). Assessing the influence of research and development, environmental policies, and green technology on ecological footprint for achieving environmental sustainability. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 199, 114508. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2024.114508

Ntom Udemba, E., Khan, N. U., & Raza Shah, S. A. (2024). Demographic change effect on ecological footprint: A tripartite study of urbanization, aging population, and environmental mitigation technology. Journal of Cleaner Production, 437, 140406. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2023.140406

Park, J.Y., “Canonical Cointegrating Regressions. Econometrica”, Journal of the Econometric Society, 1992/60 (1), pp. 119-143. https://doi.org/10.2307/2951679

Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616

Phillips, P.C., Hansen, B.E., “Statistical Inference in Instrumental Variables Regression with I (1) Processes”, The Review of Economic Studies, 1990/57 (1), pp. 99-125. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297545

Qayyum, M., Zhang, Y., Ali, M., & Kirikkaleli, D. (2024). Towards environmental sustainability: The role of information and communication technology and institutional quality on ecological footprint in MERCOSUR nations. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 34, 103523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103523

Raihan, A. (2024). Dynamic impacts of public-private partnership investment in energy, economic growth, renewable energy, and financial development on ecological footprint in Brazil. In Proceedings of The International Conference on Energy and Environment.

Sadiq, M., Wen, F., & Dagestani, A. A. (2022). Environmental footprint impacts of nuclear energy consumption: The role of environmental technology and globalization in ten largest ecological footprint countries. Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 54(10), 3672–3681. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NET.2022.05.016

Saikkonen, P., “Estimation and Testing of Cointegrated Systems by an Autoregressive Approximation”, Econometric Theory, 1992/8(1), pp. 1-27.

Saqib, N., Usman, M., Ozturk, I., & Sharif, A. (2024). Harnessing the synergistic impacts of environmental innovations, financial development, green growth, and ecological footprint through the lens of SDGs policies for countries exhibiting high ecological footprints. Energy Policy, 184, 113863. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENPOL.2023.113863

Sevüktekin, M. ve M., Nargeleçekenler, (2007), Ekonometrik Zaman Serileri Analizi, Nobel Yayıncılık, Ankara.

Stock, J.H., Watson, M.W., “A Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Order Integrated Systems. Econometrica” Journal of the Econometric Society, (1993), pp. 783-820. https://doi.org/10.2307/2951763

Sun, Y., Al-Tal, R. M., Siddik, A. B., Khan, S., Murshed, M., & Alvarado, R. (2023). The non-linearity between financial development and carbon footprints: the environmental roles of technological innovation, renewable energy, and foreign direct investment. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja , 36(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2023.2174153

Tarhan, K. (2018). Küresel çevre sorunlarının politikleşmesi ve uluslararası ilişkiler teorileri kapsamında analiz. International Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences, 2(1), 152-170.

Usman, M., Jahanger, A., Radulescu, M., & Balsalobre-Lorente, D. (2022). Do Nuclear Energy, Renewable Energy, and Environmental-Related Technologies Asymmetrically Reduce Ecological Footprint? Evidence from Pakistan. Energies, 15(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093448

Von Carlowitz, H.C. (1713). Sylvicultura Oeconomica oder Hausswirthliche Nachricht und Naturmässige Anweisung Zur Wilden Baum-Zucht; Braun: Leipzig, Almanya, 1713.

Wackernagel, M., & Rees, W. E. (1997). Perceptual and structural barriers to investing in natural capital: Economics from an ecological footprint perspective. Ecological Economics, 20(1), 3-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(96)00077-8

Wang, E., Padhan, H., Pruseth, S. K., & Ma, J. (2024). Government efficiency, green technology, and ecological footprint: Strategic framework for natural resource management efficiency targets. Resources Policy, 91, 104826. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESOURPOL.2024.104826

Wang, L., Vo, X. V., Shahbaz, M., & Ak, A. (2020). Globalization and carbon emissions: Is there any role of agriculture value-added, financial development, and natural resource rent in the aftermath of COP21? Journal of Environmental Management, 268, 110712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110712

Yılmaz, R., & Koyuncu, D. T. (2020). Bir dönüşümün başlangıç hikâyesi: Kara Elmas ve Endüstri Devrimi. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(2), 1021-1042. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.757598

Zeytin, M., & Kırlıoğlu, H. (2014). Çevre yönetim sistemi ve yerel yönetimler. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(2014), 240. https://doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.207

Zhao, H., Li, Y., Hao, F., & Ajaz, T. (2022). Role of green energy technology on ecological footprint in China: Evidence from Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 965679. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.965679

Numan, U., Ma, B., Sadiq, M., Bedru, H. D., & Jiang, C. (2023). The role of green finance in mitigating environmental degradation: Empirical evidence and policy implications from complex economies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 400, 136693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136693

Yayınlanmış

16-06-2025

Nasıl Atıf Yapılır

TUTGUN, S. (2025). Türkiye’de Ekolojik Ayak İzi, Yeşil Teknoloji ve Finansal Kalkınma Arasındaki Etkileşimin Analizi: Fourier Ardl Yaklaşımından Kanıtlar. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, 60(2), 1459–1481. https://doi.org/10.63556/tisej.2025.1483

Sayı

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Benzer Makaleler

<< < 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 > >> 

Bu makale için ayrıca gelişmiş bir benzerlik araması başlat yapabilirsiniz.