Farklı Endeks Kullanımı Kapsayıcı Büyüme Sonuçlarını Değiştirir mi?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63556/tisej.2026.1810Anahtar Kelimeler:
Kapsayıcı Büyüme- Bileşik Endeks- Temel Bileşenler Analizi (PCA)- Metodolojik Yanlılık- TürkiyeÖzet
Geleneksel olarak ekonomik büyüme, üretim kapasitesindeki artış ve kişi başına gelirin yükselmesi ile tanımlanmıştır. Neoklasik teori ise büyümenin doğal olarak gelir eşitsizliğini azaltacağını varsaymaktadır. Ancak dünya genelinde artan eşitsizlikler nedeniyle, nicel büyümenin yanında sosyal adalet ve eşit fırsatları da vurgulamak amacıyla “kapsayıcı büyüme” kavramı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma, 2002–2023 dönemi için Fransa, Birleşik Krallık, İsrail, İtalya, İsveç ve Türkiye’yi dört farklı kapsayıcı büyüme endeksi kullanarak karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz etmektedir. Bileşik endeks yöntemleri ve PCA (Temel Bileşenler Analizi) ile yapılan değerlendirmeler; metodolojik yaklaşımların, özellikle gösterge seçimi ve ağırlıklandırmanın, bir ülkenin içsel ilerlemesinin yansıtılma biçimini önemli ölçüde etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Her ülkenin kendi tarihsel yörüngesi içinde normalize edilmesi nedeniyle, sonuçlar mutlak ülkeler arası sıralamalardan ziyade içsel iyileşme oranlarını yansıtmaktadır. Örneğin Türkiye, büyüme odaklı Hakimian endeksinde en yüksek göreceli ivmeyi sergilerken; İsveç, sürdürülebilirlik odaklı UNCTAD endeksinde daha yüksek bir içsel istikrar ortaya koymaktadır. Buna karşılık, gelişmiş ekonomiler, kurulu yapıların 'doygunluk etkisi' nedeniyle büyüme merkezli endekslerde genellikle daha düşük puanlar almaktadır. Bulgular, güçlü mutlak büyümeye rağmen, Türkiye ve İsrail gibi ülkelerde algılanan ilerleme hızının, özellikle gelir eşitsizliği gibi yapısal zorlukların niceliksel genişlemeye tercih edildiği durumlarda, kullanılan endekse bağlı olarak önemli ölçüde değiştiğini göstermektedir.
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