The Third Sector Social Economy was published in print from 1931 to 2017. It is a peer-reviewed, periodic and international journal published online by the Turkish Cooperative Organization since 2017. Its language is Turkish. However, in accordance with the publication principles, English articles may be included each issue. In the Third Sector Social Economic articles on Cooperation, Agriculture, Economy, Management, Public administration, Finance, Sociology, Sociological Psychology etc. can be published. Our journal is published four times a year, on the 25th of the relevant month, in March, June, September and December. The articles submitted to the journal should be evaluated by the editorial board in accordance with the publication principles and spelling rules of the Third Sector Social Economic. The articles which are found suitable after the pre-evaluation are sent to the two referees for blind review. If the report of both referees is positive, the article can be published. If one of the reports is negative, the article is submitted to the opinion of a third referee. The articles which the two referees give negative opinions cannot be published in the journal. Responsibilities of the published articles belong to the authors. Articles that are not accepted for publication shall not be returned to their authors.
Measuring the Efficiency of State Universities in the Aegean Region Using Data Envelopment Analysis
The quality of universities is of vital importance for a country’s future, not only in terms of transferring knowledge to younger generations but also in terms of supporting economic development. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a technique used to measure the relative efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) across various sectors. In particular, it is a powerful analytical technique used to measure the efficiency of resource utilization in higher education institutions and to compare performance across universities. The aim of this study is to examine the efficiency of 15 state universities located in the Aegean Region using the SFA technique. Data obtained from the universities’ 2024 administrative activity reports were analyzed using the R programming language with input-oriented CCR and BCC models. In the analysis, the number of academic staff and the number of students were used as input variables, while the number of scientific publications and the number of graduates were used as output variables. According to the analysis results, 4 universities were found to be efficient in the CCR model, while 8 universities were found to be efficient in the BCC model. The average CCR efficiency value for the universities was calculated as 0.8762, and the average BCC efficiency value as 0.9341. The findings indicate that the inefficiency observed in some universities stems not from technical inadequacies but from scale efficiency. Additionally, target input values were calculated for the inefficient universities, highlighting necessary improvements in resource utilization. This study offers concrete policy recommendations to help universities with low efficiency use their resources more effectively and in a more balanced manner. The study’s original contribution lies in being one of the first comprehensive regional DEA analyses covering all state universities in the Aegean Region and conducted using up to date 2024 data. The findings provide policymakers and university administrators with important insights regarding improving resource allocation, enhancing scale efficiency, and developing higher education performance.
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Relationship Between Leisure Experience and Local Cuisine Preferences: A Study of Individuals Living in Van from Different Geographical Regions
Leisure consumption is a process through which individuals spend their time outside of work and other obligatory activities by engaging in various activities. In this process, individuals participate not only in activities aimed at rest and relaxation but also in those that provide cultural experiences. One of these activities is the local cuisine experience. This study aims to examine the interests and attitudes of individuals living in Van and originating from different geographical regions toward local cuisine experiences within the context of leisure consumption. A quantitative research approach was adopted, and data were collected through a questionnaire. The data obtained from 460 participants were analyzed using the SPSS software package. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and correlation analysis were employed in the data analysis process. The findings revealed that participants showed interest in local cuisine experiences in addition to social, cultural, and sporting activities while spending their leisure time. The majority of participants considered Van’s local cuisine to be delicious and expressed positive attitudes toward experiencing it. Furthermore, the healthy characteristics of local dishes and their traditional presentation styles were regarded as important, and participants stated that local cuisine experiences contributed positively to their leisure time. The study is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between local cuisine and leisure consumption and to provide regional evidence for the literature on Van cuisine.
The Effects of Asymmetric Shocks on Turkiye's Industrial Production: A Nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) Model Approach
This study examines the effects of asymmetric shocks in capacity utilization rate, producer price index, credit interest rate, energy-based commodity prices, non-energy commodity prices, and leading metal commodity prices on Türkiye's industrial production. The results are important because they explain the effects of negative and positive shocks on Türkiye's industrial production. The study makes three important contributions to the literature: the simultaneous examination of many variables affecting industrial production, the investigation of the impact of commodity price changes on industrial production, and the use of a nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) model. In this study, the effects of the relevant variables on Türkiye's industrial production for the period 2007q1-2024q4 were investigated in both the short and long term, as well as in an asymmetric structure. According to the NARDL model results, the effect of an increase in the capacity utilization rate (LKKO) on increasing industrial production is higher compared to other variables. This indicates that policies aimed at improving capacity utilization will have a higher and more positive effect compared to other variables. The importance of stability is noteworthy in non-energy commodities (LNE) and credit interest rates (LKFO). According to the results obtained using the Wald Test, LKFO, LKKO, LNE, energy-containing commodities (LE), and precious metal commodities (LPM) have an asymmetric effect on industrial production in Türkiye in the long term. The producer price index, however, does not have an asymmetric effect in the long term. In the short-term asymmetry test, no significant results were obtained for all independent variables. To increase industrial production in Türkiye, it would be appropriate to create a policy basket that considers all variables simultaneously.
Evaluation of the Potential Contributions of Transition to Digital Product Passports in the Electric Vehicle Sector to Circular Supply Chain Processes
ABSTRACT The production and use of batteries and other critical components in the electric vehicle sector creates significant environmental and economic impacts. In this context, digital product passports provide information such as product material composition, usage history, and recovery potential, enabling the effective management of resources throughout the supply chain and their allocation to recycling processes. The study evaluated the contributions of the transition to digital product passports to circular supply chain processes using the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method. According to the research findings, the "information technology investments/digital maturity" criterion received the highest weighting, with 5.16%, while the "reverse logistics" criterion received the lowest weighting, with 4.78%. It is considered that digital product passports, through the transparency and traceability they provide, will enhance the effectiveness of sustainable supply chains in trade and international logistics processes with the European Union and play a critical role in strategic planning and the achievement of sustainability goals in the electric vehicle sector.
Multidimensional Workaholism Scale: Turkish Adaptation, Validity and Reliability Study
Although various measurement instruments exist in the workaholism literature, instruments that comprehensively capture the multidimensional nature of the construct have been tested only to a limited extent across different cultural contexts. Accordingly, this study aimed to adapt the Multidimensional Workaholism Scale developed by Clark et al. (2020) into Turkish and to examine its validity and reliability. The study sample consisted of 402 employees working in different private-sector organizations in Ankara, Türkiye. During the Turkish adaptation process, translation and back-translation procedures were conducted, expert opinions were obtained and a pilot test was carried out. To evaluate the psychometric properties of the scale, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed; in addition, convergent and discriminant validity analyses were conducted. The EFA results indicated that the four-factor structure of the scale was preserved and that the model explained 75% of the total variance. The CFA findings demonstrated that the four-factor model had acceptable goodness-of-fit values (χ²/df = 2.81; CFI = 0.94; NFI = 0.90; TLI = 0.93; GFI = 0.87; AGFI = 0.82; RMSEA = 0.08). The overall internal consistency coefficient of the scale, which consists of 16 items and four dimensions, was calculated as 0.90 and the reliability values of the subdimensions were found to be at acceptable levels. The results of the convergent and discriminant validity analyses showed that the scale met the relevant validity criteria. Overall, the findings indicate that the Multidimensional Workaholism Scale can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool in the Turkish cultural context.
The Impact of the Semantic Transformation of the Concept of Gender on Women’s Policies
This study examines the reflections of the ontological transformation of the concept of “gender” in the social sciences literature on women’s policies within the framework of public policy analysis. It also seeks to answer, through the case of Türkiye, the question of whether abandoning the use of the concept of “gender” in public policy documents corresponds to a policy change or to policy continuity. The study attempts to explain the conceptual transformation and the policy problem through contextual discourse analysis conducted on the basis of the discursive institutionalism approach. Accordingly, while the concept of gender was initially used within a structure of meaning shaped around a focus on “women,” from the 1990s onward the meaning framework of the concept began to transform under the influence of postmodernism and queer approaches. In this process, the concept of gender was reconfigured within a new ontological ground that includes LGBTQ and defines gender along the axis of multiple and fluid “gender identities.” The study finds that this transformation did not remain only at the theoretical level, but also became institutionalized through academic literature and international legal texts. The findings demonstrate that the removal of the concept of “gender” from policy documents in some countries, contrary to interpretations focusing on the terminological use of the concept, does not indicate a regression or discontinuity in the field of women’s rights; rather, it may be regarded as a deliberate strategy of continuity aimed at sustaining women’s policies with a focus on “women.” In this context, the case of Türkiye reveals that the removal of the concept from policy documents does not represent a policy rupture; rather, it may be considered a strategy that enables the continuation of women’s policies with a focus on “women.” Consequently, the study demonstrates the necessity of considering not only the terminological use of concepts in policy analysis, but also the ontological and epistemic foundations on which they are based; and shows that this approach is decisive in terms of preserving the continuity of women-centered policies and ensuring analytical consistency.
Sustainable Storytelling by Virtual Influencers: An Experimental Study on the Role of Lifestyle Congruence and Distinctiveness in Shaping Purchase Intentions
This study examines how sustainable storytelling by virtual influencers (VIs) influences consumers’ purchase intentions toward sustainable products. Drawing on narrative and lifestyle congruence perspectives, we propose an integrated model in which storytelling affects purchase intention directly and indirectly through perceived lifestyle congruence and product uniqueness, with VI distinctiveness as a moderator. A between-subjects experimental design was employed using storytelling versus non-narrative manipulations. Data were collected from 150 participants and analysed via SPSS and PROCESS Macro to test the proposed relationships. Results indicate that exposure to sustainable storytelling significantly increases purchase intention compared to non-narrative content. Storytelling also positively influences perceived lifestyle congruence, which in turn enhances perceived product uniqueness. However, product uniqueness does not directly predict purchase intention. Moderated mediation analyses further reveal that the indirect effect of storytelling on purchase intention via lifestyle congruence is significant at medium and high levels of VI distinctiveness, but not at low levels. The findings contribute theoretically by identifying lifestyle congruence as the key mechanism linking sustainable storytelling to purchase intention and by demonstrating that this effect depends on the distinctiveness of virtual influencers. By integrating sustainability, storytelling, and VI research within a moderated mediation framework, the study clarifies the conditions under which narrative persuasion is most effective. In practice, the results suggest that brands, VI designers, and content strategists should emphasise well-crafted sustainable lifestyle narratives and develop distinctive VI personas to strengthen persuasive impact.
YouTube Journalism in the Context of Digital Entrepreneurship and the Alternative Media Economy: A Comparative Analysis of Three Different Cases
Abstract Structural changes in traditional media, the concentration of media ownership, and the narrowing of journalistic employment have directed journalists not only toward new publishing platforms but also toward a different production model based on individual broadcasting. This study examines YouTube journalism in Turkey through the cases of Fatih Altaylı, Nevşin Mengü, and Deniz Zeyrek within the framework of “digital entrepreneurship” and “alternative media production.” The research analyzes 122 videos published between June 1 and July 31, 2025, through systematic content analysis, focusing on content management, publication rhythm, and audience engagement. Rate than describing the data only through views, likes, and comments, the study uses “view-normalized engagement” and “subscriber-normalized engagement” indicators in order to compare channels of different scales more fairly. The findings indicate that short and agenda-oriented content strategies may increase engagement intensity; however, audience loyalty cannot be explained solely by reach. The high engagement rates observed in the cases of Deniz Zeyrek and Fatih Altaylı, together with Nevşin Mengü’s longer and more explanatory publishing strategy, suggest that YouTube journalism does not follow a single model. Instead, it is shaped through different publishing rhythms, audience relations, and forms of social capital. In this respect, the study evaluates YouTube journalism not merely as an extension of political communication, but as a new media production practice shaped by platformization and metricization.
İki Dünya Savaşı Arası Dönemde Batı Hukuk Sisteminde Sosyal Darwinizmin Etkisi
Bu çalışma, sosyal Darwinizmin I. ve II. Dünya Savaşları arasındaki dönemde Batı hukuk sistemlerini nasıl şekillendirdiğini incelemektedir. Darwin’in doğal seçilim kuramının toplumsal alana uyarlanmasıyla ortaya çıkan sosyal Darwinist yaklaşım, özellikle eugenics hareketi üzerinden hukukta ırk, sağlık ve toplumsal hiyerarşi temelli müdahaleleri meşrulaştırmıştır. İngiltere’de eugenics düşüncesi zihinsel sağlık, aile hukuku ve vatandaşlık düzenlemelerine; ABD’de göç kotaları, ırklar arası evlilik yasakları ve zorunlu sterilizasyon uygulamalarına; Almanya’da ise Nazi döneminde ırk saflığını korumaya yönelik radikal yasal düzenlemelere dönüşmüştür. İsveç, Norveç, Finlandiya, Kanada ve Japonya gibi ülkelerde de benzer sterilizasyon programları uygulanmıştır. Erken Cumhuriyet Türkiye’sinde sosyal Darwinist tartışmalar akademik düzeyde etkili olmuş, ancak Batı’dakine benzer kapsamlı biyopolitik uygulamalara dönüşmemiştir. Çalışma, sosyal Darwinizmin hukuk aracılığıyla ırkçı ve ayrımcı politikaları “bilimsel” gerekçelerle meşrulaştırdığı sonucuna ulaşmakta ve insan hakları düşüncesinin II. Dünya Savaşı sonrası yönelimlerinin bu tarihsel miras üzerinden anlaşılabileceğini vurgulamaktadır.
An Ottoman Village Economy in the Provinces through the Temettuat Registers: The Case of the Village of Tivnik (Altınbulak) in Erzurum
This study examines the socio-economic structure of the village of Tivnik (today Altınbulak), located in the Erzurum region, on the basis of the Temettuat Registers dated 1844–1845, and treats the case as a micro-level prototype reflecting the functioning of an agriculture-based rural village economy in the Ottoman provinces. Using household-level data recorded in the registers, the study analyses the population structure, occupations, land ownership, agricultural production, livestock activities, income sources, and tax obligations within an integrated framework. The data employed in the study provide detailed records that enable an assessment of the main dynamics of the village economy in the relevant period. In addition to descriptive analysis, income distribution is measured through quantitative economic methods, namely the Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient, and the findings are systematically evaluated. Based on total income data for sixty-six households, the Gini coefficient of Tivnik village is calculated as 0.404. This finding indicates that income distribution in the village economy deviates from perfect equality, yet does not reach a level of extreme inequality. Considering the fiscal nature of the temettuat records, the results should be interpreted as approximate indicators rather than absolute measures. In this respect, the study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that the structural characteristics of rural economies in the Ottoman provinces can be analysed at the micro level through temettuat registers.
The Impact of Human Resources Management on Organizational Performance in the Turkish Defence Industry: Secretariat of Defence Industries Case
This study aims to analyze the impact of human resource management (HRM) practices on organizational performance, focusing on the case of the Presidency of Defence Industries (SSB) in Türkiye. Within the framework of strategic human resource management, the study examines how HRM practices influence not only individual performance but also overall organizational outcomes. A qualitative research design was employed, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that organizational performance is shaped by three main factors: a competent workforce, institutional decision-making mechanisms, and financial structure. In particular, competency-based HRM practices enhance employee motivation and individual performance, which in turn contribute positively to organizational performance. Furthermore, governance mechanisms such as the Defence Industry Executive Committee, which enables rapid decision-making, and the financial flexibility provided by the Defence Industry Support Fund significantly strengthen the effectiveness of HRM practices. The study demonstrates that the relationship between HRM and organizational performance should be evaluated not only at the individual level but also within the broader institutional context and resource structure. In this regard, the study provides an original contribution to the HRM literature, particularly in the context of the defence industry.
Technology Acceptance Model and Teachers’ Use of Educational Informatics Network (EBA): A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis
This study aims to examine the teachers' behavior in using the Educational Informatics Network (EBA) within the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework. A total of 326 secondary school teachers from Bilecik, Türkiye, participated in an online survey. The findings from the structural equation modeling analysis are highly consistent with the existing literature and with results from a decade-old study on elementary school teachers using the same scale. The findings indicate that teachers' perception of EBA as an easy-to-use platform positively impacts their evaluation of its usefulness. Teachers' attitudes toward EBA are significantly shaped by perceptions of its usefulness and ease of use, which in turn drive their intention to use the platform. Notably, actual usage behavior is directly influenced by these intentions. Consequently, it is imperative to develop design and training strategies that prioritize usability to encourage teachers' engagement with digital platforms.
Investigation of Housing Purchase Tendencies of Individuals in Türkiye According to Selected Socioeconomic Variables
This study aims to analyze the housing purchase tendencies of individuals in Türkiye according to their socioeconomic status. In this regard, an online survey was administered to 757 participants living in various provinces of Türkiye, selected through a purposive sampling method. Pearson’s Chi-Square test was employed to analyze the relationship between housing purchase tendencies and socioeconomic variables. In tables where expected cell frequencies fell below 5, Fisher’s Exact Test was utilized. Additionally, Cramér’s V effect size values were calculated for all hypotheses. Among the participants, 51,0% were male, 39,1% were in the 36-45 age group, 73,8% were married, 47,7% were held a bachelor’s degree, and 47,0% were public sector employees. While 52,6% of the participants owned their current residence, the rate of participants where either themselves or their spouse owned at least one property was 68,6%. The proportion of those considering a housing purchase was 39,4%, while 31,2% were not considering it. The primary reason for 23,9% of those intending to purchase was the desire for investment. Conversely, for 32,7% of those not considering a purchase, the reason was a lack of economic power to meet the payments. The limitations of the study include the inability to diversify the distribution of participants' education levels and provincial statuses more equitably, and the measurement of housing purchase tendencies using a single-item scale. Statistically significant differences were found between individuals' housing purchase tendencies and their age, education, income, and employment status. The study suggests facilitating access to finance for non-homeowners seeking residential property for housing purposes. Furthermore, it is recommended that the Housing Development Administration (TOKİ) and Emlak Konut prioritize housing production for low- and middle-income groups and non-homeowner families. Other suggestions include auditing the health and durability standards of housing and providing state-led support regarding the financial, legal, and technical aspects of the housing transaction process.
Mapping The Sustainable Development Goals in Digital Twin Research: Low Code Topic Modeling and LLM-Based Evaluation Framework
Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulu'nun 2015 yılında "Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma için 2030 Gündemi"ni kabul etmesi, 2030 yılına kadar 17 Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefine (SKH) ulaşma konusunda küresel bir taahhüt oluşturmuştur. Son tarih yaklaşırken, bilim, teknoloji ve inovasyon (BTİ), bu hedeflere doğru ilerlemeyi hızlandırmada hayati öneme sahip olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada; Web of Science'da (WoS) indekslenen 10.306 dijital ikiz araştırma yayının SKH'lerle olan ilişkisi analiz edilmiştir. KNIME platformu ile konu modellemesi kullanılarak, dijital ikiz literatüründeki gizli temalar belirlenmiş ve belirli SKH'lerle uyumluluk açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Her konu için alt hedef ilişkileri, yerelde Ollama uzakta ise OpenRouter aracılığıyla yeni, popüler modeller aracılığıyla yapılmıştır. Ek olarak, mezo ve mikro düzey analizler, dijital ikiz teknolojileri içindeki zamansal evrimi, tematik yoğunluğu ve araştırma odağını vurgulamaktadır. Bulgular, dijital ikiz teknolojileri ile sürdürülebilir kalkınma arasındaki kesişim noktasına dair ayrıntılı bir anlayış sunarak, gelecekteki BTİ politikalarının geliştirilmesi için stratejik bilgiler sağlamaktadır. Çalışma ayrıca, dijital ikiz araştırmalarında odaklanılması gereken temel sürdürülebilirlik alanlarını özetlemekte ve araştırmacılar için SKH odaklı bir yol haritası sunarak, teknolojik yeniliklerin sürdürülebilirlik üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmek için kapsamlı bir çerçeve oluşturmaktadır.
The Impact of Inflation Accounting on Key Audit Matters: A Study on the Technology and Information Sector of Borsa Istanbul
The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of IAS 29 – Financial Reporting in High-Inflation Economies, which was reinstated in Turkey in 2023, on Key Audit Matters (KAMs) in independent audit reports. The research examined the independent audit reports of 39 companies operating in the technology and information sector on Borsa Istanbul (BIST) for the 2022 and 2023 fiscal years. The document review method was used for data collection, and the obtained data were evaluated using systematic content analysis. Due to the non-normal distribution of the data, the non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used to determine the differences between periods. The findings reveal that the application of IAS 29 in 2023 emerged as a significant key audit matter in independent audit reports, with a statistically significant increase in the number of KAMs compared to 2022. Furthermore, the calculated effect size indicates that this change has a moderate impact. The results show that inflation accounting increases the complexity of the audit process, broadens the scope of auditors' professional judgment, and significantly affects the content of audit reports. In this respect, the study contributes to the literature by demonstrating the impact of inflation accounting on independent audit reporting with empirical findings.
Exploring Factors Affecting Museum Experience: A Study on A “Hidden Gem” in Istanbul
Museum experience has become an important recreational activity in today’s society. This study aims to identify the factors influencing service quality and visitor experience at the Great Palace Mosaic Museum. To achieve this objective, the netnographic method was employed. A total of 379 English-language reviews posted on the TripAdvisor website by visitors to the Great Palace Mosaic Museum were examined with content analysis. First, line-by-line coding was performed, and then themes were identified using the resulting codes. The results of the study revealed that visitors’ perceptions of service quality were categorized under tangibles, communication, responsiveness, consumables, and empathy, while the factors influencing the visitors experience were grouped under post-experience evaluations, emotions, cognitive, flow, and memorability. Among the service quality components, tangibles was found to be the most prominent, whereas empathy was the least frequently mentioned dimension. In the findings regarding visitor experiences, post-experience evaluations and cognitive dimensions emerged as the most prominent dimensions. Flow and memorability were identified as factors arising within the museum experience. Present study is one of the first studies to examine visitors’ perceptions of service quality and their overall experience at a museum that focuses exclusively on mosaics. This study contributes to the understanding of visitor experience and their service quality perception in museums.
Crab Mentality Syndrome in a Public Hospital: Employee Perspectives
This study explores the work experiences of employees from different occupational groups in a public hospital through the lenses of crab bucket syndrome, job crafting, career well-being, employee loyalty, and talent management. Adopting a qualitative phenomenological design, the research drew on semi-structured interviews with 29 participants selected through purposive sampling: 9 physicians, 5 residents, 5 nurses, 5 administrative staff members, and 5 support service workers. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, supported by MAXQDA. The findings reveal that employees often experience silent competition, devaluation of effort, and reluctance to stand out when success makes them more visible. At the same time, they actively try to create meaning in their work by linking tasks to broader purposes, planning and organizing their workload, communicating effectively, and introducing small improvements. Results further show that career well-being is shaped by the tension between professional development and emotional exhaustion. Employee loyalty is strengthened by job security, belonging, and public service motivation, yet weakened by heavy workload and lack of appreciation. Regarding talent management, participants acknowledged in-service training opportunities but emphasized that institutional support remains largely general rather than individualized. Overall, working life in public hospitals emerges as relational, emotional, and meaning-centered in everyday professional practice. Keywords: public hospital, crab bucket syndrome, job crafting, career well-being, employee loyalty, talent management
The Relationship Between Ambidextrous Leadership Orientations and Creative Team Climate
The purpose of this study, which is grounded in Social Cognitive Theory, is to determine the relationship between ambidextrous leadership orientations and a creative team climate. It also sets out to identify the moderating role of educational level in this relationship. To this end, data were collected via a survey from 212 employees who voluntarily participated in the study at organizations and businesses in both the public and private sectors. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis were used, and a moderating effect analysis was conducted using the SPSS Process Macro 4.2 tool. According to the findings of the study, the model established between ambidextrous leadership orientations and creative team climate was found to be significant, and it was determined that ambidextrous leadership orientations have a positive effect on creative team climate. Moreover, it has been determined that educational level plays a moderating role in the relationship between ambidextrous leadership and a creative team climate. In conclusion, team members’ perceptions of ambidextrous leadership play a significant role in the generation of creative and innovative ideas. Indeed, the study reveals that ambidextrous leadership orientations —which facilitate the development of strategies that foster creativity through interaction and collaboration among team members—have a significant impact on team climate, and that this impact varies depending on educational level. When considered within the context of organizational behavior, this study emphasizes the need to develop strategies that will enhance ambidexterity in leadership and offers recommendations for both theory and practice.
Perceived Value, Corporate Image, and Service Quality: An Empirical Study in the Airline Sector
The aim of this study is to examine the perception of service quality at Turkish Airlines and the mediating role of corporate image in this process. To this end, 593 datasets were collected through online and face-to-face surveys. The obtained data were initially analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Subsequently, Measurement Model Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) were performed using SmartPLS software to test the research hypotheses. Following these analyses, the hypotheses derived from the existing literature were evaluated using a bootstrapping technique. The findings reveal that the perceived value of Turkish Airlines' flight services does not have a direct effect on perceived service quality. Instead, perceived value significantly influences corporate image, which in turn affects perceived service quality. Furthermore, the mediation analysis demonstrates that corporate image fully mediates the relationship between perceived value and perceived service quality. These results indicate that perceived value does not directly translate into service quality perceptions; rather, corporate image serves as a critical antecedent in this process. This phenomenon suggests that the provided service may not fully align with passenger expectations, potentially due to high ticket prices or service inadequacies. Consequently, it is imperative for Turkish Airlines to comprehensively re-evaluate its cabin crew's service delivery and identify the underlying causes through systematic mystery shopping audits.
Social Dominance Orientation, Eating Attitudes, and Emotional Appetite: A Cross-Sectional Study
Bu çalışma, seçim döneminin artan psikososyal stres ve günlük yaşam düzenindeki değişikliklerle karakterize edilen yapısı içinde, siyasi parti üyelerinde sosyal baskınlık yönelimi (SDO), duygusal iştah ve yeme tutumları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Toplam 623 katılımcı (ortalama yaş 34,02±12,73 yıl), Sosyal Baskınlık Yönelimi Ölçeği (SDO7), Duygusal İştah Anketi (EMAQ) ve Yeme Tutum Testi’ni (EAT-26) yüz yüze görüşmeler yoluyla tamamlamıştır. Bulgular, sosyal baskınlık yönelimi puanı yüksek olan bireylerin olumsuz duygusal durumlarda daha düşük duygusal iştaha ve daha az “yemekle aşırı meşguliyet” düzeyine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir (p<0,01). Ayrıca, sosyal baskınlık yöneliminin “eşitliğe karşı olma” alt boyutundaki bir birimlik artış, olumsuz durumlarda duygusal iştahın 0,800 kat azalmasına, olumlu durumlarda ise 0,350 kat artmasına yol açmıştır (p<0,001). Bununla birlikte, bu alt boyuttaki bir birimlik artışın yeme bozukluğu davranışlarında 0,259 kat azalma ile ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Sonuç olarak, sosyal baskınlık yöneliminin, özellikle seçim dönemleri gibi stresli süreçlerde, bireylerin duygusal iştahını ve yeme tutumlarını etkileyerek yeme davranışlarının şekillenmesinde önemli bir rol oynadığı ve bazı durumlarda daha kontrollü yeme davranışlarına katkı sağlayabileceği söylenebilir.
The Relationship Between Investor Attention and the BIST 100: An Empirical Analysis via Google Trends Data
Traditional approaches to the functioning of financial markets are shaped within the framework of the Efficient Market Hypothesis, which posits that information is fully and instantaneously reflected in prices. However, modern financial literature suggests that investors cannot process all information perfectly due to limited cognitive capacities; at this point, "investor attention" emerges as a scarce economic resource that determines market dynamics. This study aims to empirically examine the dynamic interaction between investor interest and the trading volume of the BIST 100, Turkey's benchmark index, within a digitalized information ecosystem. The research utilizes monthly data covering the period from June 2013 to March 2026, where investor interest is represented by an index derived from Google Search Trends and market activity is represented by total trading volume. The direction and significance of the relationship between the variables were analyzed using the Toda-Yamamoto causality test, which offers a robust framework against differences in the integration levels of the series. The analysis findings indicate the existence of a bi-directional causal relationship between investor interest and trading volume. These results empirically support the attention-based theories of behavioral finance, demonstrating that the information search process in digital media triggers transaction density in the market, while simultaneously, increased market volatility fuels the process by creating a new wave of investor interest. The study suggests that digital indicators such as Google Trends can be utilized as an early warning mechanism for predicting market fluctuations, offering strategic implications for policymakers and investors alike.
The Mediating Role of Workplace Friendship in the Effect of Workplace Loneliness on Organizational Identification
The aim of this study is to determine the levels of workplace loneliness, organizational identification, and workplace friendship among rolling mill workers in Karabük, and to identify the relationships between these concepts. Data was collected from 419 employees of rolling mills that are members of the Karabük Private Sector Iron and Steel Rolling Mills Association using convenience sampling method. Analysis of the data by using SPSS 22 revealed that employees experienced partial workplace loneliness, but their levels of organizational identification and workplace friendship were positive at an acceptable level. Workplace loneliness, organizational identification, and workplace friendship levels were also compared in terms of employees' demographic characteristics. The comparisons revealed no significant differences in terms of gender, age, and income. When the data was analyzed in terms of seniority, it was determined that although they were in different groups, lower-senior employees had more behaviors related to social friendship, workplace friendships, and valuing friendship compared to higher-senior employees. In terms of education level, primary school graduates formed more social friendships than university graduates and valued friendships more than high school/university graduates. Furthermore, workplace loneliness was found to negatively impact employees' organizational identification and workplace camaraderie. Conversely, workplace friendships were found to positively contribute to organizational identification. The mediation test results revealed that workplace friendships play a partial mediating role in the effect of workplace loneliness on the level of organizational identification.
The Impact of Economic and Cultural Capital on Perceptions of Violence Against Women: A Qualitative Study
Violence against women constitutes one of the most pressing social problems in the contemporary world. It manifests in both public and private spheres and encompasses multiple forms, including physical, economic, verbal, emotional, sexual, and digital violence. This study aims to examine how women and men from diverse social backgrounds conceptualize violence against women. More specifically, it seeks to elucidate the extent to which individuals’ economic and cultural capital shape their perceptions and definitions of violence. The study adopts a qualitative research design, employing in-depth interviews with 24 participants from different socioeconomic backgrounds. The data obtained from these interviews were analyzed through content analysis and organized into thematic categories. The findings indicate that economic and cultural capital play a highly determinative role in shaping perceptions of violence against women. Participants with lower levels of economic and cultural capital tend to interpret violence primarily in terms of its physical manifestations and through a more traditional perspective. In contrast, participants with higher levels of capital conceptualize violence in its multiple forms and demonstrate a more analytically informed and critically reflective stance regarding both its underlying causes and potential solutions. The study demonstrates that economic and cultural capital are decisive in the formation of awareness and attitudes toward violence against women. In this regard, the possession of at least a minimum level of economic and cultural capital emerges as a crucial prerequisite for the establishment and functioning of a healthy and equitable society.
Investigation of Turkish Children Perspective on Immigration Children
The purpose of this study is to reveal the perspectives of Turkish children attending pre-school education institutions toward their immigrant peers. In the research, children's emotions, thoughts, and behaviors regarding peers from different cultural backgrounds were examined within the context of social acceptance, empathy, communication, and friendship tendencies. The study employed the phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods. The study group consisted of 30 children aged 5–6 who attend independent kindergartens and have at least one immigrant child in their classroom. Data were collected through a five-question, illustrated semi-structured interview form developed by the researcher. The interviews were conducted individually by classroom teachers, and the children's responses were recorded verbatim. Phenomenological analysis technique was used for data analysis; children's expressions were coded, classified under themes, and supported by direct quotations. Research findings indicate that the vast majority of children exhibit positive, empathetic, and inclusive attitudes toward their immigrant peers. The children expressed a desire to play games, share the same desk, and become friends with their immigrant peers. However, some tendencies toward hesitation and prejudice were observed through expressions such as "I am afraid because I don’t know them" or "I don’t want to share my toys." Overall, the findings revealed that in children's perceptions of peers from different cultures, tendencies of empathy, curiosity, and social sharing are dominant, while themes of fear and insecurity are at a limited level.
Artisan Working Capital in the Ottoman Economic Order (18th and 19th Centuries)
This study analyzes the financing practices necessary for the Ottoman guild system to maintain its production cycle through the lens of “working capital” at a mechanism-analysis level. While guild financing is typically discussed within the framework of cash waqfs in existing literature, this research redefines it through public funds, sectoral chests, and the financialization of property. Using records from the Presidential State Archives and qualitative research methods, a dataset focused on 18th- and 19th-century Istanbul is examined. The scope of the research includes “procurement capital” allocated for raw material acquisition, the “gedik” institution—which aligns with the concept of collateral in modern finance—and “bey’ bi’l-vefa” practices based on the logic of sale with the right of redemption. Additionally, the “joint and several liability” system, which converts individual insolvency risk into a collective responsibility, and the “promissory note” discipline for documenting debt relations are analyzed. This integrated analysis reveals that artisans were not merely production units but active stakeholders in a rational financial network. The study repositions guild financing by shifting it from a traditional social welfare and solidarity paradigm toward a rational business finance framework centered on procurement and production cycles. Ultimately, the Ottoman working capital regime is identified as a hybrid administrative-economic bond that secures financial stability by sustaining production by converting property into capital and risk into institutional trust.
An Examination of the Professional Characteristics of Management: Rectors of Foundation Universities in Turkey
This study aims to raise awareness of management as a profession and to examine whether rectors of foundation (non-profit private) universities in Turkey meet the profession’s key educational and qualification criteria. The population includes all 74 foundation universities (N = 74), state universities are excluded due to different governance. Rectors’ degree fields (BA/MA/PhD), graduation years, professorship year, rector tenure, and managerial experience were compiled from public sources (YÖK Academic, the YÖK Thesis Center, university websites, and LinkedIn). “Professional management” was operationalized using ISCO-08 (unit group 1120; skill level 4) and ISCED-F 2013 field 0413, and contrasted with Turkey’s National Qualifications Database (ILO, 2012; UNESCO, 2015; Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Labour and Social Security, 2025). Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics in SPSS 19 and Microsoft Excel. Results show that 88% of rectors lack ISCED-F qualifications and 77% lack management credentials in the national database; thus, over 75% of foundation universities are not led by professional managers. Most rectors are men (85%); while 73% have ≥10 years of total managerial experience, only 12% have ≥10 years of rector tenure.
A Neighborly Visit: A Qualitative Study on Understanding the Travel Motivations and Potential Travel Constraints of Turkish Tourists Travelling to Greece
In recent years, Greece, with its extensive coastline and numerous islands, has emerged as one of the most popular vacation destinations in the Mediterranean Basin. Tourism statistics from Greece reveal a significant influx of visitors from Türkiye, one of its neighbouring countries, a trend that is also supported by Turkish tourism data. Accordingly, this study aims to explore the travel patterns and motivations of Turkish tourists who have previously visited Greece, using the Push and Pull Factors framework and a qualitative research approach. In addition, the study seeks to identify potential travel constraints among those who have travelled to Greece multiple times. The qualitative study involved 17 semi-structured interviews with Turkish travellers from diverse demographics, key push and pull factors influencing travel to Greece were identified. The main push factors include a sense of relief and freedom, a desire for variety, reconnecting with cultural or emotional roots, and visiting friends or family. Among main pull factors, affordability, gastronomic elements, proximity, reference groups, cultural similarities stand out. On the other hand, potential constraints affecting the intention to revisit Greece include rising travel costs, health or age-related issues, political tensions between Türkiye and Greece, the search for alternative destinations, and a perceived decline in travel satisfaction. Therefore, understanding both motivating factors and potential constraints is essential for developing strategies aimed at sustaining and enhancing Turkish tourists’ intention to revisit Greece, while also providing insights for improving tourism destinations in Türkiye and encouraging domestic travel among Turkish tourists to similar destinations.
Artificial Intelligence Applications in Middle School Mathematics Lessons: A Qualitative Study Based on Student Opinions
There are various perspectives on the integration of artificial intelligence into education. These range from computer systems acting like intelligent teachers, facilitating decision-making processes in educational settings, improving the quality of teaching, learning, and assessment, developing new strategies for learning processes, adapting classrooms to student profiles, and creating diverse content related to students' interests. The fact that artificial intelligence applications are believed to have such a broad impact on education highlights that it is a subject worthy of serious research.This physical research was conducted to determine the measurements of artificial intelligence applications in mathematics branches among middle school students. For this purpose, the participants of the research consisted of 74 middle school students selected from middle schools in the Mamak district of Ankara province using a convenient sampling method, a type of purposeful sampling. The data for the study were obtained using a semi-structured interview form created by the researcher. The obtained data were analyzed using content analysis. The results of the research show that the opinions of middle school students regarding the application of artificial intelligence in mathematics lessons consist of the following main conclusions: the current use of artificial intelligence applications, which artificial intelligence applications have an impact, how artificial intelligence applications should be used, which mathematics topics require artificial intelligence applications, and the benefits and drawbacks of using artificial intelligence applications. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the mathematics curriculum be updated to incorporate artificial intelligence-based applications, and that middle school mathematics teachers receive the necessary training to implement this curriculum.
Statistical Analysis of Asymmetric Relationships Between Credit Expansion and Economic Growth in the Turkish Banking Sector
This study examines the relationship between credit and economic growth using monthly data covering 2005:01-2025:08. This paper uses money supply as the control variable and estimations were performed using ARDL and NARDL approaches. Before estimating the models, it was verified that the variables were stationary at first difference stationary and that the models have cointegration relations. Moreover, it was detected that the assumptions were met, and asymmetric relationships were detected for the NARDL models. Credit growth does not have a significant effect on economic expansion with respect to ARDL models. According to the NARDL model, positive credit shocks have a positive effect on growth, while negative credit shocks have no effect on growth. Based on these findings, the impact of credit volume on economic growth appears to be asymmetric. Accordingly, policymakers examining the relationship between credit volume and economic growth should take potential nonlinear dynamics into account. This study contributes to the existing literature in three different ways. Firstly, credit and money supply are adjusted to remove inflationary effects. Secondly, the impacts of economic shocks from 2008 and Covid-19 are included and controlled in the model. Thirdly, the analyses are carried out from both symmetric and asymmetric perspectives.
Social Capital Accumulation Shaping Consumer Loyalty: Alternative Consumer
This study examines the impact of social capital components on cooperative commitment and repurchase intention within alternative consumer cooperatives. Social capital is conceptualized through three dimensions: social interaction, consumer trust, and producer–consumer interaction. Survey data were collected from 450 consumers who shop at alternative consumer cooperatives. The data were analyzed using SPSS, employing correlation, regression, and demographic difference analyses. The findings indicate that social interaction significantly increases consumer trust, while consumer trust and particularly producer–consumer interaction are significant predictors of cooperative commitment. The direct effect of social interaction on commitment was not found to be significant. Moreover, cooperative commitment positively influences repurchase intention. Shared ethical value alignment also emerges as a strong predictor of repurchase intention. By integrating social capital theory with consumer behavior literature, this study demonstrates that consumer behavior in alternative cooperatives is shaped by relational and normative dynamics. The results highlight the strategic importance of trust-building mechanisms and producer–consumer interaction for the long-term sustainability of alternative consumer cooperatives.