Ekonomik Büyümenin Belirleyicileri: BRICS Ülkeleri Örneğinde Turizm, Ticari Açıklık, Fiziksel Sermaye ve İnternet Kullanımının Rolü
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63556/tisej.2026.1951Anahtar Kelimeler:
Ekonomik Büyüme- Turizm- Fiziksel Sermaye- Ticari Açıklık- İnternet KullanımıÖz
Bu çalışma, turizm, ticari açıklık, fiziksel sermaye ve internet kullanımının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerini inceleyerek Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları'na ulaşılması konusundaki tartışmaya katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Sürdürülebilir ve kapsayıcı ekonomik büyüme, başta BM Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları'nın 8. hedefi olmak üzere ülkelerin öncelikli politika gündemlerinin merkezinde yer almaktadır. Bu çerçevede ülkeler, sürdürülebilir büyüme sürecini destekleyecek yapısal politikalar geliştirme arayışı içindedir. Mevcut çalışma, bu doğrultuda BRICS ülkelerinde ekonomik büyümenin temel belirleyicilerini ampirik olarak araştırmaktadır. Söz konusu amaç doğrultusunda turizm, ticari açıklık, fiziksel sermaye ve internet kullanımı değişkenleri analize dahil edilmiş; 1995-2019 dönemine ait yıllık veriler kullanılmıştır. Tahmin edilen modelin yatay kesit bağımlılığı içermesi ve değişkenlerin eğim katsayılarının heterojen bir yapı sergilemesi nedeniyle AMG (Augmented Mean Group) tahmincisi tercih edilmiştir. Bu tahminci, panelin tamamı için katsayı üretmesinin yanı sıra yatay kesit birimleri düzeyinde de tahmin yapılmasına olanak tanıması bakımından önemli bir metodolojik avantaj sunmaktadır. Ampirik bulgular hem panel genelinde hem de birim düzeyinde farklılıklar sergilemiş; bununla birlikte genel eğilim açısından değerlendirildiğinde, fiziksel sermaye ve internet kullanımının ekonomik büyümeyi anlamlı ve pozitif yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Öte yandan ticari açıklık ve turizm değişkenlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etki yaratmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgu, söz konusu değişkenlerin büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin evrensel bir nitelik taşımadığını ve ülkeye özgü koşullara bağlı olarak farklılaşabildiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sonuçlar, sürdürülebilir büyüme politikalarının tasarımında ülkeye özgü dinamiklerin gözetilmesinin ve dijital altyapı ile fiziksel sermaye yatırımlarının önceliklendirilmesinin kritik bir önem taşıdığına işaret etmektedir.
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