Liberal Liderliğin İş Performansına Etkisinde Yenilikçi Davranışın Aracı Rolü
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63556/tisej.2025.1539Anahtar Kelimeler:
Liberal Liderlik- Yenilikçi Davranış- İş Performansı- Liderlik Tarzları- İnovasyonÖzet
Bu araştırma, liberal liderlik tarzının çalışanların iş performansı üzerindeki etkisini ve bu ilişkide yenilikçi davranışın aracı rolünü incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Dijitalleşme, hızlı değişim ve artan rekabet ortamı, örgütleri yenilikçiliği teşvik eden liderlik yaklaşımlarına yöneltmiştir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmada, işgörenlere yüksek düzeyde özerklik tanıyan liberal liderliğin, yenilikçi davranış ve iş performansı üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri, Kars ilinde çeşitli sektörlerde faaliyet gösteren KOBİ’lerde çalışan 403 kişiden anket yoluyla toplanmış ve Smart-PLS istatistiksel analiz uygulaması kullanılarak, yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (SEM) yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Katılımcıların çeşitliliği, araştırmanın genellenebilirliğini artırırken, verilerin akademik geçerlilik ve güvenirlik açısından yeterli olduğu araştırma kapsamında yapılan istatistiksel testlerle de teyit edilmiştir. Bulgular, liberal liderlik ile iş performansı arasında anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişki olduğunu, yine liberal liderliğin yenilikçi davranış üzerinde yüksek düzeyde anlamlı etkisi bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca bulgular yenilikçi davranış ile iş performansı arasındaki ilişki de pozitif ve anlamlı olduğuna işaret etmekle birlikte, liberal liderliğin hem doğrudan iş performansını artırdığını hem de bu etkiyi yenilikçi davranış yoluyla dolaylı olarak güçlendirdiğini göstermektedir. Araştırma, liberal liderlik anlayışının yenilikçilik ve performans bağlamındaki işlevselliğini ortaya koyarak literatüre teorik katkı sunmayı hedeflemektedir.
Kaynaklar
Abdullah, N. H., Wahab, E., & Shamsuddin, A. (2019). Creative self-efficacy, innovative work behaviour and job performance among selected manufacturing employees. The Journal of Social Sciences Research, 5(2), 291-297. https://doi.org/10.32861/jssr.52.291.297
Afsar, B., & Umrani, W. A. (2020). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior: The role of motivation to learn, task complexity and innovation climate. European Journal of Innovation Management, 23(3), 402-428. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejim-12-2018-0257
Afsar, B., Badir, Y. F., & Saeed, B. B. (2014). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 114(8), 1270-1300. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejim-12-2018-0257
Alanzi, F., Almutairi, S., & Kaheel, R. (2025). Leadership Styles and their Relationship to Job Performance among Workers in the Non-Profit Sector in Hafar Al-Batin Governorate. International Journal of Financial, Administrative, and Economic Sciences. https://doi.org/10.59992/ijfaes.2025.v4n1p1
Asrar-ul-Haq, M., & Kuchinke, K. P. (2016). Impact of leadership styles on employees’ attitude towards their leader and performance: Empirical evidence from Pakistani banks. Future Business Journal, 2(1), 54-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbj.2016.05.002
Bagshaw, M. (1995). Liberating the liberal arts through leadership studies: An essay. Journal of Leadership Studies, 2(1), 93-109. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179199500200108
Batievskaya, V. B., & Sokolovsky, M. V. (2022). Relationship between management efficiency, leadership style and staff performance on the example of a modern university. Вестник Самарского университета. Экономика и управление, 13(2), 149-158. https://doi.org/10.18287/2542-0461-2022-13-2-149-158
Berisha, B., Ramadani, V., Gërguri-Rashiti, S., & Palalić, R. (2020). The impact of innovative working behaviour on employees’ working performance. Intrapreneurship and Sustainable Human Capital: Digital Transformation Through Dynamic Competences, 37-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49410-0_3
Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1997). Task performance and contextual performance: The meaning for personnel selection research. Human performance, 10(2), 99-109. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327043hup1002_3
Buil, I., Martínez, E., & Matute, J. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee performance: The role of identification, engagement and proactive personality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77, 64–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.06.014
Colvin, R. E. (2003). Leadership studies and liberal education. Journal of Leadership Education, 2(2), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.12806/V2/I2/C1
Çalışkan, A., Akkoç, İ., & Turunç, Ö. (2019). Yenilikçi davranış: Bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 94-111. https://doi.org/10.29131/uiibd.562196
Çimen, İ., & Yücel, C. (2017). Yenilikçi davranış ölçeği (YDÖ): Türk kültürüne uyarlama çalışması. Cumhuriyet Uluslararası Eğitim Dergisi, 6(3), 365-381.
Dastane, D. O. (2020). Impact of leadership styles on employee performance: A moderating role of gender. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 5(12), 27-52. https://doi.org/10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20200512A03
Doğan, D., & Aykan, E. (2025). Yüksek performanslı insan kaynakları uygulamalarının yenilikçi davranış ile ilişkisi. Erciyes Akademi, 39(1), 228-253. https://doi.org/10.48070/erciyesakademi.1530236
Ersoy, H. (2022). Liderlik ve yöneticilik teori ve stillerinin karşılaştırılması. MAS Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(3), 545-557.
Esfahani, N., & Soflu, H. G. (2011). Relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership in physical education managers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 2384-2393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.465
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Gilstein, K. W., Wright, E. W., & Stone, D. R. (1977). The effects of leadership style on group interactions in differing socio-political subcultures. Small Group Behavior, 8(3), 313-331. https://doi.org/10.1177/104649647700800305
Griffin, M. A., Neal, A., & Parker, S. K. (2007). A new model of work role performance: Positive behavior in uncertain and interdependent contexts. Academy of management journal, 50(2), 327-347. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.24634438
Gürbüz, F. G., & Güleç, B. (2022). How leadership style matters for innovative work behavior. Journal of Management Marketing and Logistics, 9(4), 136-146. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2022.1651
Gürbüz, S., Erkuş, A., & Sığrı, Ü. (2010). İş tatmini ve iş performansının yeni öncülü: Temel benlik değerlendirmesi. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 69-76.
Hair Jr, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMDA.2017.087624
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43, 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Jadhav, V., Seetharaman, A., & Rai, S. (2017). Employee expectation to demonstrate innovative work behaviour in Asia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 4(1), 67-78. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2017.vol4.no1.67
Jain, R. (2015). Employee innovative behavior: A conceptual framework. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 1-16.
Jin, Y. H., & Kim, S. J. (2015). The effects of job autonomy on innovative behavior: Mediating effect of job engagement. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 15(1), 451-461. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2015.15.01.451
Karadayı, D., & Akyürek, S. (2025). New Generation Liberal Leadership and Alpha Generation for a Greener Future. In Generation Alpha and Next Generation Leadership for Greener Futures (pp. 293-314). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9281-2.ch015
Kaya, B., Abubakar, A. M., Behravesh, E., Yildiz, H., & Mert, I. S. (2020). Antecedents of innovative performance: Findings from PLS-SEM and fuzzy sets (fsQCA). Journal of Business Research, 114, 278-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.04.016
Kızıltay, E. (2010). Yöneticilerin liderlik tarzlarına göre girişimcilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi: Turizm sektöründe bir araştırma (Master's thesis, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
Kirkman, B.L. ve Rosen, B. “Beyond Self-Management: Antecedents And Consequences of Team Empowerment”, Academy of Management Journal, :42, 1999. 58-74. https://doi.org/10.2307/256874
Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications.
Kuzgun, Ş., & Gözükara, E. (2023). Örgütsel dayanıklılık kapasitesi, yeşil yenilik, algılanan yeşil örgütsel davranış ve sürdürülebilirlik performansı arasındaki ilişkiler: İSO 500 uygulaması. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(49), 399-432. https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.1230408
Lei, Z., Zhou, F., & Lei, Y. (2011, May). Leadership style and employee innovative behavior: The mediating effects of psychological empowerment. In 2011 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE) (pp. 1-4). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEBEG.2011.5882384
Leong, C. T., & Rasli, A. (2014). The Relationship between innovative work behavior on work role performance: An empirical study. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 129, 592-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.717
Liu, H., Khan, M. S., & Raju, V. (2023). Enhancing Sustainable Organization Performance: Investigating the Mediating Influence of Innovative Work Behavior and Its Associated Factors. International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology, 10(4), 1852-1867. https://doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i4.2328
Lukes, M., & Stephan, U. (2017). Measuring employee innovation: A review of existing scales and the development of the innovative behavior and innovation support inventories across cultures. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 23(1), 136-158. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-11-2015-0262
Maramygin, M., Yuzvovich, L. ve Loginov, M. (2019). Yönetimde Grup Etkileşimlerinin Sosyal ve Psikolojik Özelliklerinde Liderlik. Girişimciler ve Akademisyenler için Sürdürülebilir Liderlikte: 2018 Prag Nitelik Geliştirme Enstitüsü (PRIZK) Uluslararası Konferansı “Girişimci ve Sürdürülebilir Akademik Liderlik” (ESAL2018) (s. 9-19). Springer Uluslararası Yayıncılık.
Martínez Méndez, R., Vera Muñoz, J. G. S., & Vera Muñoz, M. A. M. (2013). Leadership styles and organizational effectiveness in small construction businesses in Puebla, Mexico. Global Journal of Business Research, 7(5), 47-56.
Motowidlo, S. J., & Van Scotter, J. R. (1994). Evidence that task performance should be distinguished from contextual performance. Journal of Applied psychology, 79(4), 475. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.4.475
Muhlenfeld, E. (2009). Learning leadership discipline by discipline: Cultivating metaphors for leadership through the study of the liberal arts. In Leadership and the Liberal Arts: Achieving the Promise of a Liberal Education (pp. 81-96). New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230620148_6
Odoardi, C., Montani, F., Boudrias, J. S., & Battistelli, A. (2015). Linking managerial practices and leadership style to innovative work behavior: The role of group and psychological processes. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 36(5), 545-569. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2013-0131
Oktaysoy, O., Topcuoglu, E., Ozgen-Cigdemli, A. O., Kaygin, E., Kosa, G., Turan-Torun, B., ... & Uygungil-Erdogan, S. (2025). The mediating role of job satisfaction in the effect of green transformational leadership on intention to leave the job. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1490203. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1490203
Özişli, Ö. (2024). Birey örgüt uyumunun iş tatmini ve iş performansı üzerine aracılık etkisi: Sağlık çalışanları üzerine bir araştırma. EKEV Akademi Dergisi, (98), 196-207. https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1433033
Parveen, S. S., & Reddy, A. V. (2024). Unravelling the concept of innovative work behavior: A critical review. Организационная психология, 14(1), 109-119. https://doi.org/10.17323/2312-5942-2024-14-1-109-119
Pathak, P., & Jha, S. (2025). Responsible Leadership Behavioral Styles and Innovative Work Behavior: A Moderated‐Mediation Analysis. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 44(4), 44-58. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.22282
Pihie, Z. A. L., Sadeghi, A., & Elias, H. (2011). Analysis of head of departments leadership styles: Implication for improving research university management practices. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 1081-1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.341
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Bommer, W. H. (1996). Transformational leader behaviors and substitutes for leadership as determinants of employee satisfaction, commitment, trust, and organizational citize. Journal of management, 22(2), 259-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(96)90049-5
Pourmohammad, S. & Rezai, B. (2016). Determining the Relationship between Liberal Leadership and Innovation in the Telecommunication Company of Kermanshah City. International Journal of Management, Accounting & Economics, 2(1), 119-125.
Sagbas, M., Oktaysoy, O., Topcuoglu, E., Kaygin, E., & Erdogan, F. A. (2023). The mediating role of innovative behavior on the effect of digital leadership on intrapreneurship intention and job performance. Behavioral sciences, 13(10), 874. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13100874
Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Pick, M., Liengaard, B. D., Radomir, L., & Ringle, C. M. (2022). Progress in partial least squares structural equation modeling use in marketing research in the last decade. Psychology & Marketing, 39(5), 1035-1064. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21640
Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of management journal, 37(3), 580-607. https://doi.org/10.2307/256701
Topçuoğlu, E., Kavak, O., & Yenikaya, M. A. (2022). İnovatif Bir Strateji Olarak Dijital Liderliğin Teknoloji Kabul Modeli ile Analizi. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 24(42), 569-585.
Tran, H. T. T., Mai, T. L., & Luu, T. M. N. (2025). The influence of work environment on employees' innovative work behaviours in Vietnam construction companies. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 37(2), 195-225. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIL.2025.144199
Uygungil-Erdogan, S., Şahin, Y., Sökmen-Alaca, A. İ., Oktaysoy, O., Altıntaş, M., & Topçuoğlu, V. (2025). Assessing the effect of artificial intelligence anxiety on turnover intention: The mediating role of quiet quitting in turkish small and medium enterprises. Behavioral Sciences, 15(3), 249. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15030249
Vural, S. (2024). Dijitalleşmenin iş performansı üzerindeki belirleyiciliği: Hava taşımacılığı sektörü örneği. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(Özel Sayı: Endüstri 4.0 ve Dijitalleşmenin Sosyal Bilimlerde Yansımaları), 1367-1391. https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.1511978
Weaver, D. (1991). Liberalism and leadership: Lockean roots. Leadership Quarterly, 2, 157-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(91)90008-P.
World Economic Forum. (2023). The Future of Jobs Report 2023. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of-jobs-report-2023/
Ximeng, F., & Jin, L. K. (2023). A systematic review of organizational dynamics impact on innovative behavior among R&D personnel for high-tech enterprise. https://doi.org/10.35631/aijbes.517005. https://doi.org/10.35631/AIJBES.517005
Yasar, M. F., & Chinelo, N. G. (2015). Effects of Leadership Styles on Employee Performance: A study of Georgia. on Management and Social Sciences, 6.
Zehir, C., Sehitoglu, Y., & Erdogan, E. (2012). The effect of leadership and supervisory commitment to organizational performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 207-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.994
İndir
Yayınlanmış
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Sayı
Bölüm
Lisans
Telif Hakkı (c) 2025 Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi
Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.
