Avrupa Göç Tarihine Kuramsal Bir Bakış: Güvenlikleştirme Paradigmasından Post-Kolonyal Yönelime
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63556/tisej.2025.1683Anahtar Kelimeler:
Avrupa Göç Tarihi, Göç Teorileri, Güvenlikleştirme, Post-Kolonyal Yaklaşım, Avrupa Birliği Göç PolitikalarıÖzet
Avrupa göç tarihinin ve göç teorilerinin incelenmesi, günümüzde göç olgusunun çok boyutlu yapısını anlamak için kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Klasik yaklaşımlar uzun süre ekonomik faktörler ve bireysel tercihlere odaklanmış olsa da, günümüzdeki göç hareketleri yalnızca bu çerçevelerle açıklanamayacak kadar karmaşık bir nitelik taşımaktadır. Avrupa Birliği’nde giderek baskın hale gelen güvenlikleştirme paradigması, göçmenleri çoğunlukla bir tehdit unsuru olarak çerçevelemekte; bu durum sınırların militarize edilmesine, dışlayıcı politikaların yaygınlaşmasına ve göçün insanî boyutunun geri planda kalmasına yol açmaktadır.
Bu çalışma, özellikle post‑kolonyal yaklaşımın sunduğu eleştirel perspektifi ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Post‑kolonyal teori, göçün tarihsel süreklilikler ve sömürgecilikten miras kalan eşitsizlikler bağlamında değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini vurgular. Eski sömürge bölgelerinden Avrupa’ya yönelen göç akışları, yalnızca ekonomik bir tercih değil, aynı zamanda kolonyal geçmişin günümüzdeki yansımalarını da ortaya koymaktadır. Bu yaklaşım, göç hareketlerini küresel adaletsizlikler, kimlik mücadeleleri ve kültürel melezlik ekseninde ele alarak daha bütüncül bir değerlendirme imkânı sunar.
Sonuç olarak, göç politikalarının yalnızca güvenlik merkezli değil, aynı zamanda tarihsel ve eleştirel bir farkındalıkla yeniden tasarlanması gerektiği savunulmaktadır.
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