THE LAST LINK OF DEVELOPMENT IN HUMAN RIGHTS: URBAN RIGHTS

Abstract

Globalization and its effects, which manifested itself in every field in the 21st century, have also caused some changes in cities. The claim and potential of cities to become a more important actor than states in the international arena and population growth in cities are the highlights of these changes. These changes in the places where people live also change their needs and demands. The fact that everything about human beings is in change has necessitated the reinterpretation of human rights according to these changes. The reinterpretation of the point where the administration and the citizens meet under the denominator of human rights, and at the same time they come across, constitutes the ""urban rights"". A list of rights under the title of Citizens' Rights was first adopted in 1992 at the Council of Europe's Conference of European Local Authorities. A rights group consisting of twenty rights emerged at the conference and constituted the concrete first step of the developments in this field. Later, with the decisions taken under the title of European Urban Charter-II: Manifesto for a New Urbanism in 2008, the rights of citizens were reinterpreted within the framework of changing conditions. As stated in the congress text, Urban Charter-II accepted Urban Charter-I as a threshold and aimed to update it by making additions. In this study, where and how are urban rights located in the development process of human rights? It is a descriptive and classifying study that deals with the emergence and development of urban rights based on the questions asked.