THE REASONS AND CURRENT STATE OF CONCEPTUAL COMPLEXITY IN THE FIELD OF DISABILITY

Abstract

In the field of disability, there are no clear, standardized, and universally accepted definitions for terms such as ""disabled,"" ""impaired,"" ""handicapped,"" ""individual with special needs,"" and others. Different scientific disciplines, including education, medicine, law, as well as various professional organizations, civil society groups, and public institutions in different countries, have presented varying conceptual preferences and definitions over time, leading to a convoluted situation. Moreover, not only the conceptual preferences but also the content of the chosen terms have undergone changes, making the matter even more intricate, despite the continued use of certain terms.

However, clear definitions of concepts are crucial. If concepts are not well-defined, it becomes significantly challenging to conduct meaningful comparisons with similar studies and generate new knowledge. Furthermore, in terms of shaping policies and implementing practices, accurate definitions of concepts are essential to clarify the scope. Therefore, the aim of this study is not to propose a new definition but rather to explore the existing complex situation and its underlying causes.

In this study, we will first highlight the difficulties encountered in defining concepts related to disability, and then explain the historical changes of these concepts along with their justifications. Subsequently, we will clarify the terms used in the field of disability by examining definitions and approaches provided by international organizations and national regulations.