Temporal Trend Analysis of Sustainable Development Goals Related to Agriculture and the Environment in Türkiye (2000–2023)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63556/tisej.2025.1558Keywords:
Time Series, Mann-Kendall Test, SDG, Sustainability performanceAbstract
This study analyzes Türkiye’s sustainable development performance by examining temporal trends in agriculture- and environment-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Data covering the period from 2000 to 2023 were evaluated using graphical trend analysis and the Modified Mann-Kendall trend test. The findings reveal a statistically significant and positive trend in SDG 1 (No Poverty), while significant negative trends were identified in SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). These results highlight not only shortcomings in sectoral policies but also a lack of integration among the SDGs. While notable progress has been made in poverty reduction, the stagnation in hunger-related indicators points to a disconnection between food systems and social policy frameworks. Moreover, imbalances in production and consumption patterns hinder the achievement of environmental targets. The study emphasizes that sustainability can only be achieved through a long-term, integrated, and structural policy transformation.
References
Ada, A. A. (2011). Kümeleme Analizi İle AB Ülkeleri Ve Türkiye'nin Sürdürülebilir Kalkinma Açisindan Değerlendirilmesi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(29).
Anselmi, D., D’Adamo, I., Gastaldi, M., & Lombardi, G. V. (2024). A comparison of economic, environmental and social performance of European countries: A sustainable development goal index. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26(8), 20653-20677. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03496-3
Ateş, S. ve Usman, Ö. (2021). Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerin Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Performanslarının Gri İlişkisel Analiz Yöntemiyle Değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Economics, 6(15), 225-248. https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.901030
Bahçe, S., & Köse, A. H. (2017). Social classes and the neo-liberal poverty regime in Turkey, 2002–2011. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 47(4), 575-595. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2017.1325919
Bhat, M. N. (2024). Development dynamics in the Asia–Pacific and Oceania through agriculture-linked sustainability: emphasis on foreign agricultural investment and financial development. GeoJournal, 89(2), 70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-024-11062-1
Burford, G., Tamás, P., & Harder, M. K. (2016). Can we improve indicator design for complex sustainable development goals? A comparison of a values-based and conventional approach. Sustainability, 8(9), 861. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8090861
Carlsen, L. (2021). Responsible consumption and production in the European Union. A partial order analysis of Eurostat SDG 12 data. Green Finance, 3(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.3934/GF.2021003
UN, (2015). United Nations Indicators and a Monitoring Framework for the Sustainable Development Goals, Launching a data revolution for the SDGs.
Diaz‐Sarachaga, J. M., Jato‐Espino, D., & Castro‐Fresno, D. (2018). Is the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) index an adequate framework to measure the progress of the 2030 Agenda? Sustainable Development, 26(6), 663-671. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1735
Dorlach, T. (2015). The prospects of egalitarian capitalism in the global South: Turkish social neoliberalism in comparative perspective. Economy and Society, 44(4), 519-544. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2015.1090736
Dulkadiroğlu, H. (2018). Türkiye’de elektrik üretiminin sera gazi emisyonlari açisindan incelenmesi. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.369948
Estoque, R. C. (2020). A review of the sustainability concept and the state of SDG monitoring using remote sensing. Remote Sensing, 12(11), 1770. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12111770
Frimpong, B. F., Koranteng, A., & Molkenthin, F. (2022). Analysis of temperature variability utilising Mann–Kendall and Sen's slope estimator tests in the Accra and Kumasi Metropolises in Ghana. Environmental Systems Research, 11(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-022-00269-1
Jacob-John, J., D’Souza, C., Marjoribanks, T., & Singaraju, S. (2021). Synergistic interactions of SDGs in food supply chains: A review of responsible consumption and production. Sustainability, 13(16), 8809. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168809
Jaiswal, A., Samuel, C., & Kadabgaon, V. (2018). Statistical trend analysis and forecast modeling of air pollutants. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 4(4), 427-438. https://doi.org/10.22034/gjesm.2018.04.004
Kendall, M.G. (1975). Rank Correlation Methods, fourth ed., vol. 1975. Griffin, London. s.l.
Köse, İ. (2018). İklim değişikliği müzakereleri: Türkiye’nin Paris Anlaşmasi’ni imza süreci. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(1), 55-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18354/esam.329348
Kucukvar, M., Onat, N. C., Abdella, G. M., & Tatari, O. (2019). Assessing regional and global environmental footprints and value added of the largest food producers in the world. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 144, 187-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.01.048
Lamichhane, S., Eğilmez, G., Gedik, R., Bhutta, M. K. S., & Erenay, B. (2021). Benchmarking OECD countries’ sustainable development performance: A goal-specific principal component analysis approach. Journal of cleaner production, 287, 125040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125040
Li, M., Wang, L., Singh, V. P., Chen, Y., Li, H., Li, T., & Fu, Q. (2025). Green and efficient fine control of regional irrigation water use coupled with crop growth-carbon emission processes. European Journal of Agronomy, 164, 127442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127442
Li, M., Xu, Y., Fu, Q., Singh, V. P., Liu, D., & Li, T. (2020). Efficient irrigation water allocation and its impact on agricultural sustainability and water scarcity under uncertainty. Journal of Hydrology, 586, 124888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124888
Mangır, N., & Şahin, Ü. A. (2022). An environmentally extended global multi-regional input–output analysis of consumption-based and embodied import-based carbon emissions of Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(36), 54813-54826. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19290-z
Mann, H. B. (1945). Nonparametric tests against trend. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 245-259.
Meggiorin, M., Passadore, G., Bertoldo, S., Sottani, A., & Rinaldo, A. (2021). Assessing the long-term sustainability of the groundwater resources in the Bacchiglione basin (Veneto, Italy) with the Mann-Kendall test: Suggestions for higher reliability. Acque Sotterranee-Italian Journal of Groundwater, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.7343/as-2021-499
Mensi, A., & Udenigwe, C. C. (2021). Emerging and practical food innovations for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target 2.2. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 111, 783-789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.079
Mutisya, M., Kandala, N.-b., Ngware, M. W., & Kabiru, C. W. (2015). Household food (in) security and nutritional status of urban poor children aged 6 to 23 months in Kenya. BMC public health, 15, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2403-0
Otekunrin, O. A., Otekunrin, O. A., Momoh, S., & Ayinde, I. A. (2019). How far has Africa gone in achieving the zero hunger target? Evidence from Nigeria. Global Food Security, 22, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.08.001
Patriota, É. S., Abrantes, L. C., Figueiredo, A. C., Pizato, N., Buccini, G., & Gonçalves, V. S. (2024). Association between household food insecurity and stunting in children aged 0− 59 months: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 20(2), e13609. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13609
Pradhan, P., Costa, L., Rybski, D., Lucht, W., & Kropp, J. P. (2017). A systematic study of sustainable development goal (SDG) interactions. Earth's future, 5(11), 1169-1179. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017EF000632
Sabbahi, M., Li, J., Davis, C., & Downs, S. M. (2018). The role of the sustainable development goals to reduce the global burden of malnutrition. Advances in Food Security and Sustainability (Vol. 3, pp. 277-333): Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.af2s.2018.09.007
SDSN. (2025). Sustainable Development Solutions Network. (2025). SDG Index and Dashboards: Global database. Erişim tarihi June 12, 2025, Erişim linki: https://dashboards.sdgindex.org/explorer
Sun, S., & Fang, C. (2018). Water use trend analysis: A non-parametric method for the environmental Kuznets curve detection. Journal of cleaner production, 172, 497-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.212
T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı. (2019). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları: Gönüllü Ulusal Gözden Geçirme Raporu. Ankara.
TUİK 2025. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Göstergeleri. Erişim tarihi: 10.05.2026, Erişim linki: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Surdurulebilir-Kalkinma-Gostergeleri-2010-2019-37194&dil=1
Yang, S., Zhao, W., Liu, Y., Cherubini, F., Fu, B., & Pereira, P. (2020). Prioritizing sustainable development goals and linking them to ecosystem services: A global expert's knowledge evaluation. Geography and Sustainability, 1(4), 321-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2020.09.004
Yue, S., & Pilon, P. (2004). A comparison of the power of the t test, Mann-Kendall and bootstrap tests for trend detection/Une comparaison de la puissance des tests t de Student, de Mann-Kendall et du bootstrap pour la détection de tendance. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 49(1), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.1623/hysj.49.1.21.53996
Zakwan, M. (2021). Trend analysis of groundwater level using innovative trend analysis. In Groundwater resources development and planning in the semi-arid region (pp. 389-405): Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68124-1_20
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Third Sector Social Economic Review
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
